Results Management · Sanctions
Sanctions &periods of ineligibility.
Fair decisions. Protecting clean competition.
Photo: Jean Carlo Emer / UnsplashUnderstanding thestandard periods.
An anti-doping rule violation can lead to a period of ineligibility. The substance or method category, intent and the circumstances of the case help determine the applicable sanction.
This comparison covers presence, use or attempted use, and possession under Articles 2.1, 2.2 and 2.6. Other violations, including trafficking, administration and complicity, have different sanction ranges.
Standard starting points · Before applicable adjustments
Non-SpecifiedSubstances or Methods
4Years
The standard period is four years, unless the athlete or other person establishes that the violation was not intentional.
2 years if lack of intent is established, subject to the applicable provisions.
SpecifiedSubstances or Methods
2Years
The standard period is two years, unless the Anti-Doping Organisation establishes that the violation was intentional.
4 years if intent is established, subject to the applicable provisions.
Separate provisions apply to Substances of Abuse under Article 10.2.4. “Specified” describes a category under the Code; it does not mean a substance or method is less dangerous.
Each case is assessed individually. These starting periods are not automatic final outcomes. Applicable reductions, aggravating circumstances or repeat violations can change the period of ineligibility. The decision is reached through the Results Management process under the applicable anti-doping rules.
What does establishing “not intentional” involve?
Where the athlete or other person has the burden of proof, the case must be supported by evidence on a balance of probabilities. Simply saying “I did not mean to dope” is not enough.
In a presence case, evidence explaining the source of the substance will usually be important. The complete facts and relevant Code provisions are considered.
Can the standard period be reduced?
Yes, where the conditions in the rules are met. Provisions concerning no fault, no significant fault, substantial assistance or certain admissions and agreements may affect the sanction.
A reduction depends on the facts, the supporting evidence and the provision that applies. It is not guaranteed.
Evidence & circumstances
How intentis assessed.
For Article 10.2, intent concerns knowing that conduct breaks the rules, or recognising a significant risk of a violation and clearly disregarding it.
The evidence is assessed as a whole. The examples below may provide context; they are not a fixed checklist or automatic proof of intent.
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Information & warnings
Product labels or reference material may clearly identify a prohibited substance or method. Relevant warnings can form part of the evidence.
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Nature & purpose
The nature of the substance or method, including its use for performance enhancement or concealment, may be relevant to the overall assessment.
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Timing & patterns of use
When the substance or method was used, its proximity to competition and any pattern of use may help explain the circumstances.
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Checks & actions taken
Seeking advice, checking products and following warnings may be relevant. The assessment can also consider advice or risks that were ignored.
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Education & awareness
Anti-doping education may provide context about an individual's knowledge and awareness. Participation alone does not establish intent.
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Explanations & records
Statements, medical records and supporting documents may be assessed for consistency throughout the Results Management process.